Graduation and Beyond

The Use of Steroids is Banned in Professional and...

Former NFL superstar and Hall of Famer, Lawrence Taylor once said, â€Å"Steroids are for guys who want to cheat opponents.† The use of steroids is banned in professional and organized sports. Performance enhancing drugs should not be accepted in professional sports. Performance enhancing drugs also known as PED’s, violate rules, give players an unfair advantage, and send a terrible message to young athletes. There are many types of PED’s but the main two are Lean Mass Builders and Stimulants. Lean mass builders, which increase the growth of muscle and lean body mass, are popular for athletes who play contact sports. Stimulants can increase athletic performance by increasing focus, energy, metabolic rate, and aggression. If everyone wanted to level the playing field, maybe it’s time to legalize performance enhancing drugs. Legalizing PEDs would make life so much easier for professional sports organizations that are currently tasked with keeping their players â€Å"legal† under the anti-doping policies. It would be easier to allow PEDs in sports than to constantly test athletes that are suspected cheaters. Plus from a business stand point it makes more sense for professional sports to legalize performance enhancers. One needs only to look to the late 1990’s where Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa put together two of the most memorable baseball seasons in the history of Major League Baseball. The home run race was popular world wide as jerseys flew off the shelves for these two athletes,Show MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Steroids Should Be Beneficial For The World Of Sport1226 Words   |  5 PagesSteroids seem to to be having a negative view for much of history. Steroids are drugs use d by athletes to become stronger and achieve a strong physique. Steroids are illegal and are strongly discouraged to be used and may be seen first expressed during high school with the introduction of organized sport teams. The perspective against the legalization of steroids believes in the many benefits of legalization. The perspective for the legalization of steroid expresses the harmful effects of steroidsRead MoreEssay Athletes And Drug Use1690 Words   |  7 PagesAthletes And Drug Use Many people believe that drug use in professional athletics is not a serious problem, however it is more widespread and serious than people think. In professional athletics the use of drugs is looked upon as somewhat of a serious problem, but is also very discrete and low key. Every once in a while one might see a prominent figure in a certain sport being reprimanded for the use of some outlawed drug, however this is just one of the many who happened to get caught. AthletesRead More316 (4-5). Ms. Matthews . English Iv. 24 April 2017 . How1096 Words   |  5 Pagesbaseball game. (Baseball: Segregation.) The League of Colored Baseball Clubs organized with teams in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Pittsburgh, Norfolk, Cincinnati, Baltimore, and Louisville. Most of them teams today are one of the best teams created in the MLB. Baseball is a very popular sport now that all races are able to play not only in the MLB but the game itself. In light of the number of professional leagues, not only in North America but around the world, baseball’s popularityRead MoreThe Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs on Athletes996 Words   |  4 Pagesillegal to use in sports, there are also serious side effects and addiction risks to the drugs. Athletes may choose from a variety of drugs and each may achieve different benefits. However, most of the time, athletes are uneducated in their decision to take the drugs, which can cause short term and long-term problems. Athletes may choose from many different types of performance enhancing drugs. Anabolic steroids are the most common performance-enhancing drug used by athletes. Anabolic steroids are syntheticallyRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Steroids are unhealthy for baseball players and they are giving the game of baseball a bad reputation. Since steroids have become such a hot topic in Major League Baseball (MLB) fans have had nothing but bad things to say about the sport and its players. When sports illustrated asked some of its readers to give reaction to the steroid controversy in the MLB here is what baseball fan Howard Langsner from New York had to say Horrible, just horrible. We takeRead MoreThe Use of Illegal Drugs in Sports Essay examples1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Illegal Drugs in Sports â€Å"He’s at the 40, the 30, the 20, the 10, the 5, TOUCHDOWN!!† Can you imagine the joy of having 100,000 people chanting your name and cheering as loud as they could just for you? Now try imagine having all of that, then having it taken away because you tested positive for illegal drugs. This is the harsh reality for several professional athletes. They get a small taste of greatness but instead of working harder they take a drug and immediately notice improvementRead MoreThe effects of Steroids Essay2189 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the hottest topics on the news recently has been steroid use by athletes. From talk radio to the best seller list to the Senate floor, the controversy has only grown during the 2006 baseball season, as Barry Bonds continues his quest to move right on past Babe Ruth and break Hank Aaron’s home run record. Although Bonds’ case has certainly attracted the most publicity, the issue is definitely not confined to baseball. The best-selling book â€Å"Game of Shadows† was written by two reportersRead MoreSports Athletes Should Not Be Better Than Their Opponent1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world of sports, competitive athletes are willing to do whatever is necessary to be better than their opponent. The nature of the competitive drive in some athletes is precisely what separates the average from the elite. Compared to their novice counterparts, elite athletes usually have a more extensive knowledge-base of sport-specific information and are more adept at using said knowledge efficiently to identify, remember and manipulate relevant information in their specialist sport (Swann, MoranRead MoreBoxing Is The Most Brutal Of Sports1553 Words   |  7 Pages Typically in sports the goal is to hit a homerun, score a goal, or even get a hole in one. However, there is one sport that is not like any other, boxing. This sport is the most brutal of sports. The goal is to knock out the opponent with devastating blows to the head. Boxing can be a very dangerous sport resulting in extreme injury or death, and there is a lot of pressure to use illegal drugs in an effort to win. Boxing also has many benefits, such as physical fitness, stress relieving, andRead MoreDog Fighting : A Type Of Bloodsport Defined As Opposing Two Game Dogs1233 Words   |  5 Pageshave banned dog fighting, but it is still legal in some countries like Japan, Honduras, and parts of Russia. What is Dog Fighting? Dog fighting can be defined as a type of blood sport in which dogs are forced to fight one another for the entertainment and profit of spectators. It is one of the most horrific forms of animal cruelty. Fighting dogs are raised in isolation. They spend most of their lives on short, heavy chains. The dogs are conditioned for fighting through the use of

Nature Based Therapy Free Essays

Introduction Nature based therapy is not a new concept, our well – being and association with nature is part of the never-ending human quest of who were are and just where is our place in this vast environment which surrounds us. In order to better grasp the topic of nature based therapy or ecotherapy, studies consulted were those pertaining to our connection with nature and our wellbeing. Just how does nature connectedness affect our experiencing of a good life is the subject of the first paper reviewed, by Howell, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature Based Therapy or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. , Dopko, R. L. , Passmore, H. , Buro, K. (2011). The second paper by Jordan Marshall (2010) describes a the changes to the traditional therapy frame in a the uncertain environment of the outdoors. In taking therapy outside, we work with nature as one of the variables in the therapeutic relationship. The integrative, often experiential approach of nature- based therapy or ecotherapy, is gaining rapid ground in the field of counselling and psychotherapy. My final research paper aims at looking further into this growing field and how it can help those suffering from anxiety, burnout and depression. Article Review A Howell, J. A. , Dopko,R. L. Passmore, H. , Buro, K. (2011). Nature connectedness: Associations with well- being and mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (2), 166-171. Howell, Dopko, Passmore and Buro (2011) delve deeply into the question of our connectedness with nature and how it can be measured as a reflection of our mental well- being. The authors, all from the Grant MacEwen University in Edmonton Alb erta conducted two empirical studies evidencing this association with data demonstrating that connection to nature may be more beneficial to our emotional and social well- being that previously realized. Drawing from the Biophilia hypothesis argued by Harvard evolutionary biologist E. O Wilson in 1984, that human beings have an instinctive, emotional and genetic need to be in contact with nature, Howell et al. , thus hypothesize that â€Å"higher levels of nature connectedness would be associated with higher levels of well-being and with greater mindfulness. † Many studies have been conducted on the subject with various results. Howell et al. , describe a study conducted by Mayer and Franz in 2004 which showed a â€Å"significant correlation between trait nature connectedness and life satisfaction† (p. 66). They are careful to define the word trait and provide a seemingly through review of the qualitative variables in current literature, discussing the changes in definition of well- being by various theorists (Nisbert, Zelenski and Murphy, 2011). The team from Alberta builds upon current research by probing further into the question of the â€Å"whether trait nature co nnectedness was associated with feeling well †¦ and with functioning well †¦ as well as the relations among nature connectedness and a second index of positive mental health, mindfulness† (p. 67). Howell et al. , review a large amount of research, define terminology and uncover new holes in the theories, they then go on to pose the hypotheses: â€Å"are higher levels of nature connectedness associated both with higher levels of well being and with greater mindfulness? † Methodology Howell et al. , conducted two studies using quantitative methods. In the first study, data was collected from 452 university students, primarily female, with â€Å"81. 1% identifying Canada as their country of birth† (p. 167). Using a variety of questionnaires including Mayer and Franz (2004) 14- item Connectedness to Nature Scale, Keyes’ (2005) 40- item, measure of well being and Brown ; Ryan’s (2003) Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS). In order to ensure objectivity of results, Howell et al. , balanced these scales by using Paulhus’s (1994) Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding which serves to filter out â€Å"unintentionally inflated self-descriptions and impression management† (p 168). In the second study 275 students participated, all students of similar age and demographic as thefirst study. Howell et al. , used a few of the same questionnaires adding the Allo-Inclusive Identity Scale (Leary, Tipsord ; Tate, 2008) as well as the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PMS) (Cardaciotto, Herbert, Forman, Moitra, Farrow, 2008). In an attempt to provide consistency and validity to the results, Howell et al. , provide succinct definitions and examples for some of the questions on these scales in order that the reader better understand the subtle differences in the descriptive statistics of the variables. Results Variables such as connectedness to nature, nature relatedness, allo inclusive identity, emotional well being, psychological well being, social well being, MAAS, PMS awareness and PMS acceptance showed correlations between nature connectedness and well being. Descriptive statistics were measured and then correlated among variables using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Howell et al. , also provided models with hypothesized correlations between nature connectedness, well -being and mindfulness. In the first study â€Å"associations between nature connectedness and well- being and between well- being and mindfulness were significant; however, the association between nature connectedness and mindfulness was not† (p. 168). In the second study , correlations were significant with respect to psychological and social and emotional well being and with the added test scores added to the soup, nature connectedness was found to be significantly correlated to mindfulness. Discussion Howell et al. are satisfied with their consistent findings and that most results of their two studies support their hypothesis and suggest that † nature connectedness is associated with the extent to which people are flourishing in their private, personal lives† (p. 170). Howell et al. do admit that some of the findings were inconsistent with their hypothesis and that future research could examine â€Å"moderators and mediators of the relationship between nature connectedness and mental health† (p. 170). They go onto discuss future research possibilities and challenges, including how nature could be incorporated into other activities to produce maximum therapeutic results. Howell et al. , produced convincing research into the relationship between connectedness to nature and well being. They took into account multiple scales of affect in order to collect their results and carefully described their differences and their impact on the final results. I feel their downfall is in their sample size and demographic and suspect results may be different depending on age and culture. Perhaps new rating scales would need to be developed in order to reflect these differences. Essentially, nature can benefit us all and regardless of the outcome being present within a natural environment will help you learn to experience the moment and perhaps even a renewed vitality in life. Article Review B Jordan, M. , ; Marshall, H. , (2010). Taking counselling and psychotherapy outside: Destruction or enrichment of the therapeutic frame? European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 12 (4), 345-359 We all know that nature can help us feel better, but just how can we take a traditional therapeutic frame outdoors? What would be the challenges and what is the potential of this upcoming field of ecotherapy? Ecotherapy represents â€Å"a new form of psychotherapy that acknowledges the vital role of nature and addresses the human nature relationship† (p. 354) Martin Jordan and Hayley Marshall use relational therapy concepts in order to investigate mutuality and asymmetry and how they may be experienced differently in the great outdoors. Both Jordan ;Marshall are practicing registered psychotherapists and by using their own experiences, they explore both the successes and challenges to the traditional framework of a therapeutic session. Jordan ; Marshall address many fundamental questions including how confidentiality would be addressed in public settings and how timing or the therapeutic session is affected by practicing counselling and psychotherapy outside. They believe that the challenges to the traditional framework could be sorted out between client and therapist and in fact become part of the process . A flexible contract could be drawn up, one open to change. Jordan ; Marshall are careful to provide several definitions of a therapeutic frame, from eh uber- conservative â€Å"Psychotherapy should be carried out in a soundproof consulting room, in a private office in a professional building† (Langs 1982), to â€Å"being seen as a transgression or a dual relationship for the therapist† (Zur 2001). But there are others who believe that the therapeutic boundary should be a dynamic process (Hermansson, 1997) or that the flexibility in the frame is an opportunity for â€Å"deepening the therapeutic work and relationship† (Bridges, 1999). Jordan ; Marshall seem to be covering all bases with their own summary of a therapeutic boundaries,† Working outdoors can throw new light on these traditionally more fixed ideas concerning boundaries and invite an increasingly flexible perspective on issues concerning power and mutuality within the therapeutic relationship† (p. 347). They examine the changes in client therapist relationships and how mutuality must not be equated with equality in terms of the therapeutic relationship. Jordan ; Marshall are not prescribing a recipe for therapy outdoors nor are they saying therapy is better outdoors. Their goal with this paper is to present their experiential findings and observations regarding the challenges various forms of outdoor therapy impart on the traditional therapeutic frame as well as on the relationship between therapist and client. Methodology The qualitative method devised to learn more about the impacts of taking the therapeutic frame outdoors was simple. Jordan ; Marshall began to hold sessions outdoors with their existing clients. They used two types of interactions outdoors: 1. taking the traditional therapeutic frame of one hour into ‘ nearby nature’ and 2. aking clients on excursions where the frame is extended to over a weekend or more. Relational theory concepts were used in order to better understand how the traditional frame of psychotherapy elements such as â€Å"confidentiality and timing of therapeutic work, weather, containment and power dynamics† (p. 347), would be challenged by unpredictable natural environment. The variables of m utuality and asymmetry were also studied in terms of the expanding boundaries in the client – therapist relationship. One case study (in two parts) is presented in order to better grasp the challenges and potential of nature – based therapy. Results Jordan ; Marshall found many potential challenges in taking the therapeutic frame outdoors. In particular, they found that the boundaries between client and therapist, could become challenged. The outdoors provided a neutral environment which fostered mutuality but maintaining some asymmetry in the relationship could be difficult. In taking this frame outdoors, Jordan ; Marshall also found that the structure of the frame itself may need to be reshaped and become more flexible; perhaps the frame becomes an open process, rather than an ultimate set of rules. They also found that sometimes the unpredictability of the environment created more anxiety, both in the client and the therapist and that the establishment of a therapeutic container or the ‘building of a home in nature’ (Berger, 2006) was successful in overcoming some of these obstacles. Discussion The purpose of Jordan ; Marshall’s paper was to provide information on the potential and challenges of taking traditional therapy practice outdoors. Jordan Marshall consulted a vast reference list including one of the founders of nature- based therapy, Ronen Berger and this provided interesting insight into this emerging field. At times the paper felt disorganized and the case presentation split in two halves was confusing. Results were scattered throughout the paper and the methodology was vague and seemingly structureless. Nevertheless, Jordan Marshall got to the gist of the subject and were honest with their results, reporting their own struggles with mutuality and asymmetry when taking clients outside of the traditional hour long frame; â€Å"both clients and therapists can experience a blurring of the boundaries between what is therapy and what is social space† (p357). Jordan Marshall did not however, provide much data as to how many clients they had seen and under what circumstances. Their observations are keen and easily related to when thinking about the traditional therapeutic frame, nevertheless a concrete chart or model, using the relational as well as other theories or approaches, would have been welcome and interesting. Conclusion Overall I found both these articles fascinating and extremely pertinent to my final research paper. Simply being present within a natural environment can help us feel better. Perhaps when taking therapy outdoors and as nature becomes a dynamic third in the therapeutic relationship, the traditional frame will come alive with an emergent creativity and mindfulness nudging us all towards our own true nature. How to cite Nature Based Therapy, Essay examples

Achieving Happiness free essay sample

Nowadays we believe that if we are wealthy and have material possessions we would be happy and content with our lives. Is this really the case, how does money and materialistic items help us achieve happiness? If we look at celebrities, athletes, or individuals who possess large sums of wealth and material possessions we believe they are the happiest individuals; that they have everything and buy anything. However, are they really content with their lives? In Gretchen Rubin’s book The Happiness Project, she explains that to be happy it must come from inside oneself; you must do the things you love, have fun, freedom, be positive, and most important that inner drive to push you on the right track in becoming happy. Rubin realizing she was in danger of wasting her life gave herself a year to conduct a happiness project; to not only become happier, but also to be more satisfied and content with every life. Every month she completed a different set of resolutions to help her along the way. Nonetheless, Rubin was innately motivated to achieve true happiness and had that inner drive to change old habits and create new ones. Moreover, the methods Rubin used to become happy relates to Daniel H. Pink’s book Drive. Pink helps us understand whether or not happiness comes from outside sources or is it within oneself to make the change. His study on extrinsic forces such as money or material possession implies that these only keeps people happy for a short period of time; on the other hand intrinsic forces such as ones inner drive is a greater force than outside influences. Rubin also used intrinsic motivation to commit to her happiness project and commit to her daily habits. Charles Duhigg defines habit as â€Å" Charles Duhigg’s book The Power of Habit explains how we human beings can change addictive habits or create new and healthy ones. Rubin created and changed habits such as, keeping a low temper, and having more fun. Her overwhelming happiness rubbed off on others and ultimately changed the atmosphere around her house and friends. This emotional contagion relates to Lauren Slater’s text book Opening Skinners Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century where she explains two cientists John Darley and Bibb Latane’s who conducted an experiment to test the reaction of a naive subject; and if that naive subject attempted to aid themselves or others when something disastrous or out of the ordinary occurred. Rubin’s intrinsic motivation based on Drive, her creation of her habit loop and changing of habits explained by Duhigg, and social imitation based on Darley and Latane’s smoke experiment motivated her to change her habits, and become happier and content with her life. Gretchen Rubin was a mother of two young beautiful daughters, seven-year old Eliza and one-year old Eleanor. She was married to a handsome man named Jamie who loved her as much as she did. Rubin lived in New York City and was a full time writer. However, one April morning Rubin was sitting on a bus looking through rain spattered windows when realized she was in danger of wasting her life. She did not feel happy; she had everything: a loving husband, a loving family, two beautiful kids, friends, wealth, but she did not feel happy. Rubin describes â€Å"I wasn’t depressed and I wasn’t having a midlife crisis, but I was suffering from midlife malaise† (2). This midlife malaise was a sense of discontent and feeling of disbelief that she could not do and accomplish anything. As a result of being frustrated and unhappy, Rubin started her own happiness project; every month she set out 4 to 5 resolutions she wished to accomplish by the end of the month for one whole year. These goals led her to intrinsically motivate herself to start a long and dedicated track towards happiness. During the month of January she was dedicated to boost her energy and vitality; she had five resolutions to accomplish during that month: going to sleep earlier, exercising better, organizing her entire house, tackling a nagging task, and acting more energetic. Furthermore, these resolutions had to rely on being intrinsically motivated to complete them. Pink defines intrinsic motivation as â€Å"that enjoyment-based intrinsic motivation, namely how creative a person feels when working on the project, is the strongest and pervasive driver† (21). Her 2nd goal during January was to exercise better; however, her father used extrinsic motivation to try to make her exercise. Rubin says â€Å"with extrinsic motivation, people act to win external rewards or avoid external punishments† (22). As a result Rubin never became too fond of exercising on her own; only when someone forced her to she would. However, with this exercising goal, she inertly motivated herself to try to exercise every day; she did this to make herself feel better, boost energy, and look better. Studies show that when someone feels and looks better; they will be much happier with the way they look and feel. At the end of January Rubin was off to a promising start; she had been intrinsically motivated to become happier and rewarded herself with a check mark on her resolution chart, which made it easier for her to be motivated and stick with her happiness project. All the resolutions Rubin followed during every month were mostly habits that had to be developed. During the month of April, one of her resolutions was to sing in the morning. This was where instead of lashing out on her kids or husband as she used to do, she would try to sing their mistakes or complaints and make them laugh. This took extreme discipline for Rubin, because it was a habit of hers to attain a quick temper and lash out on her kids or husband. This is where the habit loop and golden rule of habit change comes into play. Duhigg defines the habit loop as â€Å"a loop which consists of the cue, routine, reward; cute, routine, reward becomes more and more automatic† (19). The cue is the trigger that tells your brain to go into instinctive mode and which habits to use† (19). Secondly, the routine is the action or addiction itself, it can be done mentally, emotionally, or physically (Duhigg 19). Lastly the reward is the pleasure and satisfaction in executing a habit. Rubin’s cue before her habit change was when her husband or kids complained about anything such as, when Rubin was changing Eleanor’s diaper and Eliza was complaining that she had not eaten her breakfast (Rubin 95). Her routine whenever this complaining occurred was lashing out or getting upset and lastly her reward was silence or the job getting done. According to Duhigg, the â€Å"golden rule of habit change is only achievable if you use the same cue; provide the same reward, but modify the routine to successfully change the habit† (62). Her new habit to sing in the morning changed her previous routine of lashing out to sing her child’s or husbands complaint and make them laugh and have silence. The cue was still the complaining and the reward was still silence or getting the job done. Rubin describes â€Å" One morning Eliza whined ‘why do I have to go to class today? I don’t want to go to tae kwon do ,’ I wanted to snap back, ‘ you always say you don’t want to go, but then you have fun,’ or ‘I don’t like to hear all this grumbling. ’ instead, even thou it wasn’t easy, I sang out ‘ I on’t want to go tae kwon do’† (96). This type of mentality in dealing with kids or spouses increases happiness and helps marital and child relations. This habit change allowed Rubin to not only deal with problems in a positive way, but also allowed her to spread happiness in an easy, but effective manner. Moreover, another habit that Rub in changed was during the month of June; she always had a problem with gossiping. However, one of her resolutions for that month was to stop gossiping all together. To obtain long term happiness, you must give up something that brings short term happiness; such as gossiping (Rubin 155). This short term happiness of gossiping is increasingly fun for social functions, but it is not a nice thing to do and whenever you say critical things about other people the spontaneous trait transference occurs. The spontaneous trait transference is a psychological phenomenon where people unintentionally transfer traits to the people who ascribe them (Rubin 156). For instance, if I was to tell Josh that Bill is ignorant; Josh would believe I was also ignorant. As a result Rubin wished to stop. Furthermore, her cue before stopping was an urge or a juicy story, the routine was talking excessively about it and lastly the reward was the happiness and satisfaction she gossiped. Moreover, she stopped her gossiping by replacing the routine with either walking away or defending the person individuals were talking about. Rubin shares an experience â€Å"I was at a meeting when someone mentioned of mutual acquaintances, ‘I heard that their marriage was in trouble. ’ ‘I hadn’t heard that,’ someone replied. So fill us in was the implication of her tone. ‘Oh I don’t think that’s true,’ I said dismissively. Let’s not talk about that was the implication of my tone† (155). Furthermore, two scientists John Darley and Bibb Latane conducted an experiment to test whether or not human beings are driven by social imitation. To test this they brought in three college students; two as actors and one as a naive subject and told them to fill out a questionnaire on college life. A few minutes into the experiment, nonhazardous smoke began to flow out from vents and captivate the room. The two actors continued to fill out the form, but the naive subject was more interested in the heavy smoke pouring out like cream. Slater describes â€Å"The confederates were instructed to keep filling out their forms, to display no fear. They did. The smoke started pouring like cream, coming faster, heavier, smearing the air and blotting out figures, faces. The smoke was an irritant and caused one to cough. Each time, the naive subject looked alarmed, looked at the smoke going from wisp to waft, looked at the calm confederates, and then, clearly confused, went back to filling out the questionnaire†(104). The results were extraordinary; the naive subject imitated the actors in the room, doing nothing about the smoke. Slater described â€Å"we are driven by imitation† (IDK). This experiment shows that we are driven by social imitation; copying other people to please ourselves and feel comfortable rather than feeling out of place. However, can this be related to happiness? Rubin described â€Å"a phenomenon called ‘emotional contagion’ is unconsciously catching emotions from other peoplewhether good moods or bad ones (127). Thus, social imitation and emotional contagion are the same; For example, we all have that friend that has a â€Å"contagious laughter†. Why do you think that is? Well, because of that friend’s continuous laughter, everyone else in the group may start to inexplicably feel the same way, sometimes without even realizing what is causing their reaction. During May, one of Rubin’s resolutions was to take time to be silly. Even though controlling her temper by singing complaints had done wonders, Rubin wanted even more happiness around her home. She wanted to create a happy atmosphere. One day while putting groceries away, Rubin used two clementine’s to make goggle eyes at her two daughters; not only making her laugh, but her whole family as well. Since, Eleanor and Eliza saw her mother laughing at her silly joke, they also joined in. This was exactly how the naive subject reacted when he saw the two confederates ignoring the smoke. Instead of reporting the smoke as an emergency, the naive subject also ignored the smoke. Moreover, social imitation or emotional contagion also played a role during the month of June when one of her resolutions was to make three new friends.

Get Out & See The World In 2015

Everyone needs a little bit of escapism from hectic and busy schedules. Keep those university stresses to a minimum by planning your next travelling adventure. Whether you decide to go away for just a weekend, or take a longer break hopping between places, now that we've entered 2015 it's time to start planning. Here at Essay Writing Service UK we've come up with handy guide to help you on your way. Create a mindmap of ideas Decide where it is that you want to go first and work from there. If you have always seen yourself wandering the streets of Paris, or living it up in the USA, realise the potential of these dreams. Know what kind of holiday you are looking for, from a city break to take in the culture, to a sunny relaxing retreat, or a high-impact adventure holiday. Explore your options Be realistic with how much you are able to afford. Avoid taking too big a sum from your savings; they may prove particularly handy when it comes to your post-graduation plans or settling a deposit on a rented property. If you prefer luxury, consider taking a shorter trip or one closer to home so you don't have to compromise on comfort. For cheaper accommodation which lets you go further afield, look into exchange programmes, volunteering, hostels, or renting an apartment. These can prove much cheaper! Find a friend or companion (via Nafplio Travel) The purpose of the holiday may be friend orientated or purely for self discovery. Find a friend to take with you on your travels or look into joining up with a group if you plan to go it alone. We would advise that you take extra caution if travelling by yourself, being particularly fastidious when it comes to planning and organising your trip. If you are travelling with someone else or in a group make sure everyone has the same expectations and is happy with the final plans, such as location and cost. Do all the important things you might forget Booking a holiday is great but finding out that you passport is invalid a week before you go is not! Before you even confirm accommodation or flight arrangements check that your passport is in date and will cover you for the duration of your stay. Also don't forget to sort insurance for your trip, doing your research beforehand. The best deal may not provide you with the best or most relevant coverage. It may even be worth paying that little bit extra for yearly travel insurance if you are likely to use it. Pack light to save hassle (via Travel House UK) Know where you stand when it comes to baggage allowance. If you have booked a cheap flight you will likely have to pay extra for luggage left in the hold. Where possible stick to hand luggage for your trip and pack smart. Plan your outfits before you pack so that you don't end up taking far too much. Who needs five bikinis anyway, or ten shirts for a weekend break? Have a look through the government's luggage restrictions and check that your airline or airport doesn't have any others of their own. Know what you can eat and drink Do some delving into the culture of the country you plan to visit, looking at their food and drink traditions. This is particularly important if you have specific dietary requirements so that you know where to head to and what's on offer. If you're going to an English-speaking country things are likely to be easier. Many European countries are taking big steps when it comes to vegetarian, dairy-free and gluten-free diets though. Don't miss out on experiencing some of the local delicacies when out there! Stay in touch with people back home (via Female First) Worrying your parents by not staying in touch is a big no-no. There are a number of dos and don'ts when it comes to communicating from abroad. Always turn your 3G off to avoid ridiculously high phone bills and make sure you phone has the roaming feature activated. To avoid pricey calls if you are staying away for a longer time, purchase a holiday plan through your mobile provider or look into finding an internet cafe to Skype with the people back home. Make 2015 the best it can be by putting those travelling dreams into action. Organise the trip of a lifetime or just a much-earned break by planning ahead now. At Essay Writing Service UK we are here to help you through your studies; contact us to find out how. Check out the rest of our blog for more tips.

Waste Tire solutions essays

Waste Tire solutions essays In the United States there is a serious safety problem, and economic opportunity. Automotive tires are often forgotten about when it comes to maintenance, and disposing of them. The Federal Government has billions in grants available for companies to find alternative uses for tires other than land filling. Few companies have volunteered their services because there is a lack of technology, and economic incentive to recycle tires. Land filling has some short-term benefits, but in the long-term, the health effects will affect you from disease-ridden mosquitoes, and pollution, to uncontrollable tire fires. In 2000 there were almost 300 million used tires discarded in the United States, over half of the tires were recycled or elese untilized for other applications. Approximately 110 million were either legally land filled or illegally added to the over 800 plus million tires that are already land filled in the United States. (ARC Inc) Waste tires represent a number of environmental, health and safety hazards to the public, as well as a public nuisance. In the state of Pennsylvania, about 12 million scrap tires are generated a year. While approximately 16 million scrap tires remain in large stockpiles scattered throughout the sate. (DEP- 4/26/01) Tire piles have the potential to create an environmental and health hazards for residents in neighboring communities. Rainwater collects in the tire piles creating an ideal environment for mosquitoes, which are known to transmit disease to humans. Because the tires partially fill with water regardless of their position and absorb sunlight, they provide an ideal environment for hatched larva. Although tire dumps are sometimes associated with rodents, the primary problem has been various species of mosquitoes. (DEP-4/26/01) These mosquitos, Ades triseratus and Culex pipiens, transmit three strains of encephalitis: Lacrosse encephalitis, St Louis encephalitis, and the West Nile virus. Recentl...

Managing Personal and Organisational Changes Essay

Managing Personal and Organisational Changes - Essay Example This means that management and change skills will determine the nature of actions taken by a manager in dynamic situations. From a theoretical perspective, change management needs substantial utilisation of appropriate planning and implementation tools. According to Dobson and Woodward (2012), failure to employ appropriate techniques in managing change results in underachievement, and shortcomings resulting from missed objectives. Therefore, leaders and individuals involved in change management should be thoroughly equipped with relevant knowledge or experience. Relevant knowledge is usually available in college and university course works involving change management. In this regard, change management theories find significant application even in practical situations. Change management takes into consideration numerous aspects of organisational structure and typical cultures. Organisations comprise employees, stakeholders and consumers of either products or services. These parties ar e usually sensitive to changes that may affect their part in the organisation. On the other hand, organisations need to adjust and adapt to changing business environments in order to cope with new developments. ... In such cases, a leader should possess relevant professional skills coupled with intuitive personal skills in order to manage change. Change processes are systematic and sensitive situations that require thorough analysis of underlying problems. Careful analysis ensures that managers can objectively identify the need for change, and the processes meant to achieve desired changes. In this context, any objective change should be rational, measurable and achievable. Analysis of Case Study After planning change steps, organisational managers will have to depend on employees to implement desired adjustments. In this regard, managers need to objectively analyse imminent situations and communicate findings to the subordinates and stakeholders. Cameron (2004) states that thorough analysis will enable people to understand the need for change; hence they can participate in creating new structures. At this juncture, this essay seeks to demonstrate the application of change management theories a nd models within practical situations. In September 2012, universities in England had plans to raise tuition fees to approximately ?9,000 annually. These plans raged amid tremendous budget slices by the government to institutions of higher learning. The UK government is encouraging universities across the nation including Scottish, Welch and Irish institutions to consider raising their tuition fees. This plan is in line with the government’s strategy of striving to reduce utilisation of taxpayer’s money in learning practices, and in turn leave the burden with the student population. In the past, government allowed English universities to charge approximately ?3,300 per year. In this context, it is evident that new charges of ?9,000 amount to a major change

The Political Vision of Communist Manifesto Essay

The Political Vision of Communist Manifesto - Essay Example Marx does give credit to the contemporary Industrial Revolution to bring into existence a world market, aided and bolstered by the occupation of new colonies by the imperialistic forces. This Industrial Revolution has certainly led to progress and development in a scientific, commercial and communicative context. Yet, it goes without saying that the evolution and advancement of the Industrial Revolution supported and fed by the bourgeois elements is not merely materialistic and economic in its ramifications but does also have commensurate political ramifications. The bourgeoisie has not done away with the formal exploitative forces like feudalism and patriarchy to create an ideal world but has rather done so to remove all challenge and resistance to its advancement and growth. The bourgeoisie system and notion of economic growth simply cannot survive and expand without causing upheaval and disturbance in â€Å"the instruments of production â€Å"and â€Å"the relations of producti on†. Hence, as expected, the rise of the bourgeoisie has done away with all the hitherto existing notions of â€Å"national industries† thereby annihilating all the localized notions of belonging and allegiance. Yet, the irony of the matter is that the bourgeoisie concept of growth is not merely limited to profit accrual and limited domination. In contrast, the bourgeoisie intends to perpetuate its domination by remolding the existing socio-economic and politico-cultural structures as per one’s vision and interests. Hence to extend a material and political form to such vision and ideals, it is imperative for the bourgeoisie to compress and coagulate all sources and forms of production, leading to the unchallenged concentration of property in few hands. That way it gets easier for the bourgeoisie to retain a grip over the things and to perpetuate one’s advancement and dominion in the times to come. The existing feudal relations and frameworks of property ho lding were simply not in consonance with the bourgeoisie intentions. Hence, they were systematically dismantled and set aside. In their place, the bourgeoisie put in place a seemingly just provision of free competition, while doing its best to twist the political and social norms to be in alignment with the essence of free competition. Yet, what went wrong with this change is that while molding the world to its vision, the bourgeoisie also brought into existence its own nemesis that is â€Å"the modern working class†. The bourgeoisie commoditized labor as any other factor of production. It homogenized labor by resorting to the mechanization of all modes of production. Yet the â€Å"labor† class created by the bourgeoisie is bound to emerge victorious very early, helped and aided by the existing technology and infrastructure created by the bourgeoisie. In its rift with the aristocratic classes, the bourgeoisie tends to solicit the support of labor. This not only gives r ecognition to the working class but makes it a magnet for the other marginalized and sidelined sections of the society. As the working class emerges into an essential bourgeoisie platform, it starts seeing the institutions set by the bourgeoisie like morality, law, and religion as simply the tools of extending the vested bourgeoisie interests.

The Colosseum and Architectural Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Colosseum and Architectural Theories - Essay Example This depicts architecture as a field that uses only forces such as harmony of design and engineering to encompass various features that drive people and regions. Ironically, architecture has been a field where fine art and engineering come together only to find nuances where it may function as a political and socio economic barometer. (Hale, 2000; P 5) The structure being studied in this paper- the Colosseum- is an epitome of aesthetics in architecture and the use of fine art in context of functional engineering to bring about maximum satisfaction for the creator and maximum interaction from the people visiting such a structure. To begin with, it is imperative to define the exact nature and importance of these strategies in context of the Colosseum. Interpretive strategies spring from that aspect of a field's study which seeks to define the same in context of an individual's life and link the same with various factors at a regional, international and global level. (Norberg - Schulz, 1996; P 414 - 428) The role of an interpretive strategy in the case of Colosseum is to bring out a variety of features in the structural implications of the building. These features have been further discussed below. This structure basically upholds the values of the Roman Empire. One of the major features of an interpretive strategy lies in its ability to transform a space and transport an individual to a place beyond the structure where the building and the individual in question are in perfect tandem as far as everyday activities and a sense of drama in this everyday life is concerned. This has been termed as Hermeneutics. (Hale, 2000; P 213 - 233) On a more technical grid, the term hermeneutics adheres to the play of a person's sense of aesthetics when regarding the Colosseum. The finer point shows that the hermeneutic tradition helps create a platform where a person may experience the museum as an extension of his or her daily living. This is an important point made by the term 'modern aesthetics', which cater to more than a marriage of fine art and engineering for positive structural implications in the structure as anamphitheatre. (Hale, 2000; P 213 - 233) While on hermeneutics, it is important to realize another feature of the use of interpretive strategies in the Colosseum. Hermeneutics caters for the act of drawing out a person who is regarding a structure. This is brought about by a careful play of fine art as well as political and ideological view within the structure. In the case of the Colosseum, this has been achieved through the use of language in terms of mere fine art to put forth a point in favour of the semiotic implications of the structure's design as conceived in the mind of the person regarding it. (Hale, 2000; P 203 - 211) In case of the Colosseum, this has also created a space within which the language is based on the architectural features. This again points to the intermingling of the technical and the artistic - i.e., fine art and engineering - within the context of a region's political and economic frame of mind. This language then helps reduce barriers and deconstruct a

The Topic Of Feminism And Womens Rights History Essay

The Topic Of Feminism And Womens Rights History Essay Nellie McClung was born Nellie Letitia Mooney, in Chatsworth, Ontario, Canada on October 20th, 1873 to a Scottish Presbyterian mother and an Irish Methodist father. She was the youngest of six children; at the age of six, she would move to Manitoba with her family. She would end up spending the duration of her life in western Canada. From a very young age, McClung showed an acute awareness and interest in the issue of female equality. In her autobiography entitled Clearing in the West, McClung cites the story of attending a picnic in her hometown of Winnipeg in 1882. The city had suffered from tremendous flooding and a collapse of the real estate market, and to uplift the morale of the community, a picnic was organized. The organizers of the picnic arranged for organized sports where there would be races held for the boys. The young McClung desperately wanted to participate in the race and hoped that there would also be races held for young girls. She stated, The whole question of gi rls competing in races was frowned on. Skirts would fly upward and legs would show! And it was not nice for little girls, or big ones either to show their legs. I wanted to know why but I was hushed up. It was that type curiosity and questioning of the status quo that marked McClungs life and would ultimately lead her to demand female equality. As an adolescent, McClung would go on attend school for a period of five years until she was fifteen. When she was sixteen she completed her teachers training and was hired to work in the small town of Manitou which is located in the southwest of Manitoba. Throughout her career as a teacher she would make a conscious effort to allow her female students to partake in sports alongside their male counterparts. This was an important time in her life; while in Manitou she would board with the Reverend James McClung and his wife Annie. Annie played an extremely influential role in the life of Nellie; Annie McClung was the president of the local chapter of the Womens Christian Temperance Union and it was Annie who encouraged Nellie to participate in social activism. McClungs was also influenced by her Christian faith and her love for education. It was those two influences along with the influence of Annie McClung that would ultimately lead her to associate with the Womens Christian Temperan ce Union. Coincidently, Annie would also become Nellies mother in law as Nellie would marry her son Robert Wesley McClung. . Nellie was very close to Annie and in her autobiography she stated that Annie was the only woman I have ever seen whom I would like to have as a mother-in-law. Nellie McClung would marry Robert Wesley McClung in 1896. By all accounts they had a very successful and loving marriage. Robert always supported Nellie and encouraged her to carry on in her struggle for female equality. They would go on to have five children. In addition to being a mother and a social activist, Nellie was also a best selling author and journalist. As a young girl, her brother Will gave her a series of novels written by the great English author Charles Dickens. They quickly became her favorite reading; she admired Dickens as a writer and was also greatly impressed by the social critiques that Dickens wrote about. The influence that Dickens had on the life of McClung was clearly evident in her autobiography in which she stated that she wished to do for the people around me what Dickens had done for his people. I wanted to be a voice for the voiceless as he had been a defender of the weak McClung would go on write over sixteen novels, in addition to numerous short stories and poems. What she stood for and What she Accomplished Nellie McClung embraced a number of causes including but not limited to: temperance and then prohibition; female equality and suffrage, the involvement of women in politics, and even the ordination of women in church. Even though there are many contemporary historians who criticize first wave feminists for evoking the ideology of maternal feminism, it would not be accurate to simply label McClung as only a maternal feminist. While it is true that she often evoked womans moral superiority over men she took different approaches at different times in her life, and used both maternal feminism and universal equality as arguments to advance the status of women. Also, one has to keep in mind the social environment that existed at the time period. One of the major tasks of a historian is the ability to empathize with the subject being studied. A historian has to be able to get at the mentality and the psyche of the people or time period being studied. During the early nineteenth century, a womens rights activist could not be expected to rely on the principle of universal equality of the sexes to bring about the advancement of women. Also, the idea of maternal feminism is not unique to Canadian female activists. Similar tactics were used in America, Britain, and even in as distant a country as Russia. One of the earliest causes that Nellie McClung embraced was that of temperance. As has already been stated, Nellie was introduced to the cause by her mother in law Annie. Annie was the president of the local chapter of the Womens Christian Temperance Union. From a young age Nellie experienced the negative effects that alcohol had on the family. She saw numerous husbands and fathers drinking away the family wages to the detriment and neglect of their wives and children. Men would often come home in a drunken state and physically abuse their spouses and/or their children. Battered women were in a state of legal helplessness as they were considered dependants of their husbands and did not possess any property rights. Nellie McClung began to champion the cause of temperance and eventually outright prohibition. Nellies involvement with the Womens Christian Temperance Union eventually led to her involvement with the Political Equality League. One of Nellie McClungs most endearing qualities was that she possessed great foresight. She understood that prohibition was only part of the problem. McClung strongly believed that women needed the right to vote. She felt that without the right to vote, women lacked the political clout necessary to influence politicians to enact legislation that would remedy the problems of both alcohol abuse and spousal abuse. It was because of this that Nellie expanded her social activism to include not just prohibition, but also womens suffrage. McClung belonged to two different groups that both worked for womens suffrage, they included the Canadian Womens Press Club and the Political Equity League. Her most prominent opponent was the Premier Rodmond Roblin of Manitoba who, like most men in his day, felt that women did not belong in the public sphere. He even went so far as to use the rhetoric of maternal feminists against them saying: Does the franchise for women make the home better?My wife is bitterly opposed to woman suffrage. I have respect for my wife; more than that, I love her; I am not ashamed to say so. Will anyone say that she would be better as a wife and mother because she could go and talk on the streets about local or dominion politics? I disagree. The mother that is worthy of the name and of the good affection of a good man has a hundredfold more influence in moulding and shaping public opinion round her dinner table than she would have in the marketplace. Nellie McClung and her fellow suffragettes did not lose hope. On January 27, 1914, they approached the Manitoba legislature to present their case. They were quickly rebuked by Premier Roblin, His speech was so illogical and nonsensical that Nellie was actually delighted. She continued to campaign for the womans vote. She staged a play and a mock parliament called the Womens parliament in which she showed just how illogical the position of the Premier was. She had the audience in stitches with her use of humor and sarcasm. To Nellies delight, Premier Roblin was removed from office because of an unrelated political scandal and was replaced by a Premier who was much more supportive of womens rights. Like many politicians, once in office the new Premier T.C Norris changed his position and said he could only bring in the female vote, if the suffragettes were able to demonstrate that there was sufficient support for their position. Nellie McClung responded by presenting a petition with ove r 40,000 signatures of her supporters. On January 27, 1916 the Bill for Enfranchisement of Women was passed and women in Manitoba were granted the right to both vote, and run for office. Nellie was also successful in her campaign for prohibition as prohibition would come into effect in the province of Alberta on July 1, 1916 as a result of a non-binding referendum or plebiscite. Another important accomplishment for McClung was the famous Persons case. When Nellie was born in 1873 she was not a person under Canadian law. That meant that a woman possessed few legal rights and even fewer property rights. In early 1928, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the word person in section 24 of the British North America Act did not include women. Nellie McClung along with four other women who came to be known as the Famous Five petitioned the government to expand the legal definition of Persons. They appealed to the Privy Council of London to overturn the ruling of the Supreme Court. On October 18, 1929 the Privy Council ruled in favor of the women and expanded the definition of Persons to include women. That allowed women to serve as members of the Senate of Canada. In 1921, Nellie McClung would go on to run for election as a member of the Liberal Party of Alberta. She was successful in her bid, but the Liberals were defeated by the United Farmers of Alberta Part y. McClung would end up serving in the Legislative Assembly for a period of five years. One aspect of Nellies social activism that is often overlooked was her support for eugenics and a broader sterilization program. Nellie was an ardent supporter of eugenics which literally means well-born. Eugenicists believed that they could improve society by instituting a process called selective breeding. Nellie McClung and other eugenicists believed that people with physical and/or mental disabilities should not be allowed to procreate and that they were not entitled to have children. Because of the ill-conceived efforts of eugenicists such as Nellie McClung, the province of Alberta passed The Sexual Sterilization Act in 1928. Following the passing of that piece of legislation, a province-wide sterilization campaign was launched in which thousands of women were sterilized. Research indicates that many women who were sterilized did not even possess any genetic defects. Research also indicated that a disproportionate amount of teenage girls and aboriginal females were the ones who were targeted for sterilization. It was unfortunate that someone who was so involved in social activism should have such an enormous blemish tarnish her legacy. In Nellies defense, eugenics was a dominant social theory at the time, and while that may serve as a mitigating factor, it does not excuse her actions. Nellie constantly fought against the status quo and social norms, it seems unfathomable that she would support such a despicable cause. Notwithstanding Nellie McClungs shortcomings, she was a remarkable woman. She was not only a wife and mother, but she was also a journalist, a politician, and a social activist. This essay was not even able to cover the full scope of Nellies activism. In addition to fighting for prohibition, womens suffrage, and womens legal equality, Nellie was also highly involved in campaigns to improve working conditions in factories, and also in allowing the ordination of female ministers in the church. Nellie was also a distinguished author; she published numerous novels, short stories, poems and other literary works. While critics may criticize her for her evoking the ideology of maternal feminism and for her support of eugenics, one has to take into account the mentality of the time period. Nellie was a product of her environment, and she was undoubtedly influenced by her surroundings. Nellie McClung deserves to be remembered as one of the greatest Canadians to have ever lived.

Essay --

The American people love fast food, but little do they know about what is really in their â€Å"hamburger† or â€Å"chicken nuggets†, and what damage the real ingredients in these foods can cause. Fast food has become a great part in many people’s lives today because you could get it fast and on the move and it’s also cheap. Everyone has eaten fast food at one point in their lives, unless of course they don’t eat meat, but they really don’t have a clue as to what they’re ingesting. This paper will inform you as to what scientists have found in these deadly foods and what can happen in the future if you continue to eat these foods. Since 1980 the total number of overweight and obese Americans has doubled. The fattest state in America is Mississippi, with 1 out of every 4 people being obese. Each day approximately one out of fourteen Americans eats at a McDonald’s, and each month about nine out of ten American children visit one (Schlosser and Wilson 7). There are more than 31,000 McDonald’s selling Happy Meals in 120 countries, when in 1968 there were only about 1,000 McDonald’s that were solely located in the United States (Schlosser and Wilson 7). Due to McDonald’s excessive advertising their â€Å"Golden Arches† of the â€Å"M† are now more widely recognized than the Christian cross (Schlosser and Wilson 8). One of the most important things people buy is food and yet most people don’t think, nor care where it comes from (Schlosser and Wilson 9). Fast food is sold everywhere all across the globe. Americans spent approximately $6 billion on fast food in 1 970; in 2006 they spent about $142 billion (Schlosser and Wilson 10). These number changes are astonishing and only increase by the year. What’s even more astonishing is that according to ... ...es telling them to not eat the company’s food. They had a list of diet suggestions on the website. A direct quote from the article was â€Å"Fast foods are quick, reasonably priced and readily available alternatives to home cooking, while convenient and economical for a busy lifestyle, fast foods are typically high in calories, fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt and may put people at risk for becoming overweight.† They inform their employers of the risks of their food, but push their food into the face of the public. In concluding this paper, there are many horrifying facts about fast food. I bet no one expected all of the damage these foods could actually cause. The sad thing is most people don’t know these facts, and don’t care to know they’d rather live in denial and enjoy their â€Å"delicious food† than help their bodies and feed them the proper, necessary foods.