Best Practice And Best Fit Approach In HRM Management Essay

Best Practice And Best Fit Approach In HRM Management Essay 1. Introduction The discussion between promoters of best practice and best fit approaches has sparked widespread controversy in the human resource management (HRM) area. The topic has gained much scholarly attention because it not only addresses a theoretical controversy but also possesses a high degree of practical managerial significance. The essay has the aim to analyse best practice and best fit approaches in HRM of a multinational enterprise. The reader receives insight into Lincoln Electric’s organization through a case-study analysis of practical HR approaches serving as a basis for developing practical managerial implications in the last part of the paper. 2. Critical evaluation of â€Å"best practice† and â€Å"best fit† practices in HRM 2.1 Best practice approach The best practice approach claims that certain bundles of HR activities exist which universally support companies in reaching a competitive advantage regardless of the organizational setting o r industry (Redman and Wilkinson 2009). Best practice models imply a close connection between HR practices and organizational performance and are often associated with high commitment management (Paauwe & Boselie 2003). Empirical research in the best-practice field shows similar groups of HR polices which are especially suitable for maximizing performance irrespective of market and product strategies (Peffer 1998, Guest 2000). Best practice bundles of activities are characterized as mutually compatible HR activities which forge high levels of workforce competence, encourage motivation and introduce a workdesign boosting employee commitment (Maloney and Morris 2005). Based on concepts from expectancy theory (Vroom 1964, Lawler 1971) best practice HR will result in higher levels of quality, productivity and low rates of absenteeism and wastage (Guest 2000). The best practice approach suffers from a series of limitations. Firstly, when implementing best practice standards organizations run risk of introducing mutually prohibitive combinations like team working and compensation based on individual performance resulting in a deterioration of employee collaboration through overexaggerated competition (Delery 1998 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). Secondly, high commitment management systems are generally a complex undertaking requiring large inputs of planning and top level management commitment. Thirdly, critics like Milkovich and Newman (2002) argue that best practice HR lacks direct linkages with organizational strategies and is minted by the belief that outstanding high performing human resources will influence strategy. By making HR policy precede corporate strategy an organization risks prescribing standardized sets of â€Å"one size fits all† best practice approaches which will not support the particular needs of employees and be detrimental to overall strategic objectives (Maloney and Morris 2005). Fourthly, discussions with regard to the appropriate cho ice of best practice measures resulting from an insufficient research methodology and theoretical definition exist (Marchington and Grugulis 2000 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). 2.2 Best fit approach The best-fit model is considered as a variant from precedent models of Harvard, Michigan and York and is called â€Å"matching model† for HRM (Sparrow and Hiltrop 1994). It is based on developing HRM policies according to business strategy. Strategy involves planning future activities, performances objectives, and policies towards reaching the corporate aims. HRM strategy should be designed and applied to support the given corporate strategy (Lawler 1995). The â€Å"best-fit† approach questions the universality assumption of the best-practice perspective. It emphasizes contingency fit between HR activities and the organization’s stage of development, an organization’s internal structures and its external environment like clients, suppliers, competition and lab our markets (Redman and Wilkinson 2009). HR policy should be minted by the appropriate context of individual employees and therefore support the overall competitive strategy. Aligning HRM practices to strategies can enable companies to create potential competitive advantages (Schuler and Jackson 1987 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009).

MICROECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MICROECONOMICS - Essay Example It must be noted here that for the private firms, the altitude of the supply curve from the horizontal axis determines the minimum price (average) at which a specific quantity must be sold so that supplier would be able to cover the variable cost. He cannot afford to sell at any less value. It is vital to understand the meaning of demand and supply as it has been used in the micro economics models. It must be perceived as the flow of inventory, inwards for supply and outwards for demand. Demand and supply do not have a direct link between them but it is the market that decides their levels. Finding the equilibrium price A unique price exists in the market that would establish perfect equilibrium between demand and supply known as equilibrium price. This price is a great leveller for both buyers and suppliers and there is least scope for manipulation of prices driven by greed in a long run. In a perfect market, there is an equilibrium quantity that exists for the equilibrium price and either way shifts in the value of this equilibrium due to misallocation of resources (whether too few scarce resources are being used or too many scarce resources are being used) would result in dead- weight loss. ... It is more or less automatic. Trouble in the public sector This is in complete contrast to what happens in the public sector. When it comes to public services which are run by governments, there is hardly any interaction of demand and supply curve as there is absence of ‘feedback’ factor. So there is no automatic adjustment of the prices as government rely on taxes for covering the cost that is incurred in rendering these services and consumers hardly have any choice. This is why misallocation of resources is a commonplace under government led enterprises and it would be better if governments restrain themselves from getting engaged into non vital activities. Whenever government tries to control the price either by deciding the floor price or the upper cap, it runs the risk of misallocation of resources. It would result in ‘dead - weight losses and could get worse. Analysing the effects of minimum wage law indicates that it fails to achieve the objectives which it was originally devised for. It increases the supply of the unskilled labour in the market and at the same time decreasing their demand. It fails to serve the poor, worsens the problem of unemployment in the long run and increases the burden over the taxpayer in an unjustified manner. Even the ‘earned income tax credit’ program has the similar consequences though it is not as bad as minimum wage law. Under both the schemes, government seems to address the symptoms and not the root causes of the problem. It is relevant to suggest here that instead of attempting to control the prices directly, it would be much better to influence the market. Policies must be such that they help

Protection from Self Incrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Protection from Self Incrimination - Essay Example In this case, the defendant, Mr. Salinas was accused of having played a role in a murder that had taken place close to the position of his car. Upon questioning, the defendant answered all the questions, went further, and even submitted his gun to show that he was innocent. However, the defendant went mute when asked about some shell casing found at the scene of the crime. Moreover, the casings matched his shotgun. The defendant at that point completely ignored the questions and did not answer. Because of this attitude, the prosecutor went further and told the jury that the reason for Salinas’ silence was the fact that he felt guilty for the actions he had taken and that the silence was a sign of admission to having carried out the crime. The prosecutor had a strong case when he stated that the defendant was guilty not only because he did not comment on the questions posed to him regarding the casings but also because of the obvious fact that his gun was involved. The judge did not argue against the strong case brought by the prosecutor and this was mostly because the evidence for the case was present (Hightower). However, the judgment delayed due to the lack of motive for the action. However, upon reviewing the available information, the judge found the defendant guilty and sentenced him to 22 years in prison. Upon critical review of the case and the evidence provided, I would have offered a ruling similar to that made by the judge, in this case. The reason for the judgment is the fact that the defendant went mute and did not communicate anything regarding the questions asked. The constitution states that upon an individual pleading the Fifth Amendment they ought to receive fair treatment until substantial proof is presented (Choo 89). However, this was not the case in this particular case. Rather than pleading this right, the individual went silent and did not answer anything. This was a sign of great

Divine Comedy - The Trinity in Dantes Inferno Essay -- Divine Comedy

The Trinity in The Inferno      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dante's Inferno, itself one piece of a literary trilogy, repeatedly deploys the leitmotif of the number three as a metaphor for ambiguity, compromise, and transition. A work in terza rima that details a descent through Nine Circles of Hell, The Inferno encompasses temporal, literary, and political bridges and chasms that link Dante's inspired Centaur work between the autobiographical and the fictive, the mundane and the divine and, from a contemporary viewpoint, the Medieval and the Modern†¹Dante's recognition of the Renaissance as our millennium's metamorphic period and of himself as its poetic forerunner (until deposition by Shakespeare).    The Inferno is a work of transition between two points, as attested by the opening lines: "When I had journeyed half of our life's way,/ I found myself within a shadowed forest,/ for I had lost the path that does not stray" (I, 1-3). Echoes of these famous lines can be heard in Robert Frost's "The Road Less Traveled"; whereas Frost's poem concerns itself with the duality and firmness of decision, Dante's tercet implies an interval of great indecision and limbo. Indeed, he is anything but entrenched in position: "I cannot clearly say how I had entered/ the wood; I was so full of sleep just at/ The point where I abandoned the true path" (I, 10-12). Dante is nearly sleepwalking, yet another fusion of two worlds, the conscious and unconscious. This division of self can best be explained by Dante's exile and his loss of national identity. He examines this alienated state through a geographic metaphor: "And just as he who, with exhausted breath,/ Having escaped from sea to shor e, turns back/ To watch the dangerous waters he has q... ...ts notion of a "third way" as an ambiguous compromise. What is most fascinating is the degree to which one of the more stable metaphors, that of past, present, and future, has come true. The Inferno repeatedly invokes past epics, especially Virgil's Aeneid, with such cries as "O Muses, o high genius, help me now," and Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan welcome Dante and Virgil into Limbo. Now many modern poets, most notably T.S. Eliot, allude quite frequently to Dante's work. It seems that The Inferno will forever be canonically in the terza rima†¹originally written as a centerpiece to the Italian epic, now accepted as a framer of world literature.    WORKS CITED: Brucker, Gene A. Renaissance Florence. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. Mandelbaum, Allen. Inferno (translation). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.   

Advantages and Disadvantages of Being a Vegetarian

Today, vegetarian diet has gained extreme popularity all over the globe. It is preferred by a number of people throughout the world. It is said that a vegetarian diet is a key to healthy life. Some organizations working for the animal rights are strictly against eating meat, fish or poultry. Vegetarian diet typically consists of whole grains, vegetables and fruits. They are, no doubt, good for health. But have you ever thought whether vegetarian meals are complete? Can it fulfill all the nutritional requirements of the body? Well, there are certain advantages and disadvantages of being vegetarian.What are they? Advantages Vegetarian diet mainly includes grains, nuts, cereals, seeds, beans, vegetables and fruits. Hence, it is rich in fiber, folate and vitamin C. Vegetables and fruits provide vitamins and minerals that are essential for a healthy body. Beans, tofu, seeds are some good sources of proteins. Vegetables consist of phytochemicals, which prevent some chronic diseases. Green leafy vegetables are the rich source of antioxidants. Vegetables and fruits also provide natural sugars, beneficial enzymes and trace elements.It contains low amount of fats, cholesterol and saturated fats. As a result, it minimizes the risk of weight gain. This, in turn, reduces the possibilities of developing the health problems caused by obesity. Vegetarian diet is also helpful for healthy weight loss. A vegetarian diet lowers the blood cholesterol levels and decreases the risk of various disorders such as high blood pressure, stroke, heart diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, kidney diseases, gallstones and cancer. Due to intake of high fiber diet, digestive health is improved.Vegetarianism protects you from certain food-borne diseases such as bird flu, mad cow disease, intestinal parasites, etc. Disadvantages Although vegetarian diet provides all the essential nutrients, there are certain factors that we can get in more amounts from the meat or fish. Vegetari an diet is found to be low in proteins, calcium, vitamin B12, iron and zinc. Vitamin B12 is found in soy products, fortified cereals and animal products in abundant amount. Meat is considered as the major source of vitamin B12. Soymilk, milk and other dairy products are the rich sources of vitamin D.Meat, chicken, fish and poultry contain more quantities of iron and zinc. Milk, cheese and yogurt are excellent sources of calcium. These nutrients are not found in large quantities in the vegetarian diet. Meat is a rich source of proteins and contains all the essential amino acids required by the body. Phosphorus present in the meat is easily absorbed than that present in legumes and cereals. Vegetarian diet is not recommended for bodybuilders, as they require a protein-rich diet. A diet lacking in sufficient carbohydrates and proteins can lead to anemia.Bowel irregularities can be commonly seen among the vegetarians. If your diet is totally free from fats, then it's not good, because c ertain amounts of cholesterol and fat is necessary for the development of the nervous system and normal body functioning. Although, there are certain disadvantages of vegetarian diet, it definitely offers a number of health benefits. If you properly plan your diet, you can overcome the problem of nutrient deficiencies and improve your physical fitness and overall health. After all, healthy eating is a key to healthy living.

Essay on Euthanasia An Individual Choice - 1847 Words

An eight-year old boy walked in to his grandmother’s room to find her not breathing. He instinctively called 911, not knowing what his grandmother’s or mother’s wishes were. That should have been the end to his grandmother’s suffering, but it was not. In this instance, doctors insisted on keeping his grandmother on life support, despite his mother’s request and his grandmother was incapable of articulating her wishes. She didn’t want her mother on life support. Today in modern â€Å"democratic† medicine, physicians are suppose to serve and advise, and only in extreme situations of incapacities, emergencies, lack of available health care proxies, or patient’s waivers of decision making should they decide for a patient. Euthanasia should be the†¦show more content†¦In 1994, 51% of the people in Oregon were in favor of decisions by proxy , and then in 1997, that percentage increased to 60% (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, 9). These people perceive it as their right to choose for another, when it has been deemed that an individual is no longer mentally competent. Others have also said that family, the government, and the medical community should also be allowed to be involved in making medical decisions on behalf of a dying individual. There are those that say that immediate family members should be the only ones allowed to make decisions for their terminally ill relatives. Others say euthanasia is the answer for a patient with a long term terminal illness, and a long road of suffering and medical debt (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, 2). Some doctors have concluded that when an individual’s demise is inevitable, they feel compelled to eliminate his/her suffering. If that is to include assisted suicide, they might take it that far. One such physician was Dr. Jack Kevorkian. He was chastised by both the medical community and society at large for his involvement in assisted suicide. He is now serving a ten-year prison term for second degree murder (Humphry, 2). Euthanasia should be the choice of the individual, and not of the family. It should be the individual’s right if they are cognitive and coherent. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Topic of Euthanasia975 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia is a controversial topic throughout today’s society. As euthanasia is illegal in America, Singer fights for the legalization of voluntary euthanasia, which means the patients make voluntary request to be assisted to die. While religious views value that the life cannot be taken away so easily, Singer focuses on the human rights that enable their choices to die or not to die. However, I do not agree with singer’s respect for autonomy on the issue of voluntary euthanasia because this issueRead MoreEuthanasia Should Not Be Legal942 Words   |  4 Pagesof someone with a terminal illness euthanasia, many believe may be the only option where the individual has the option to die and put an end to their pain and suffering. those who s tand in agreement with these options, including myself, consider themselves pro-choice and provides the argument that euthanasia grants an individual the autonomy to make the ultimate decision in regards to their life. Others, believe that euthanasia deprives not only the individual affected but their families the abilityRead MoreEuthanasia1541 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Euthanasia 1 Euthanasia is defined as â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy†. (Unknown, 2012) Euthanasia ends the individuals’ life by either lethal injection or the suspension of medical treatment. Euthanasia is not legalized in many places. When it comes to the debate of Euthanasia, there are more arguments on why it should be legalized than why it should stay illegal. There’sRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1635 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the highly valued principles of American democracy has always been the idea that individuals are, and of right ought to be, entitled to make for themselves those decisions that most affect them. While it is true that we have no control over our births, at least we ought to have control over our deaths. We claim to be free people but someone else’s morals and standards could possibly govern the way we die. Medicine today makes it possible for patients who are living with unbearable pain toRead MoreShould Euthanasia or Assisted Suicide Be Legalized in Canada?1486 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia, formally known as mercy killing, is the act of intentionally causing the painless death of a sick person, rather than allowing that person to die naturally. In terms of a physicians actions, it can be passive in that a physician plays no direct role in the death of the person or it can be active in that the physician does something directly to cause the death (Yount, 2002). Euthanasia may also be formed into three types of act, which are voluntary, involuntary, and nonvoluntary. VoluntaryRead MoreThe People : Ethics And Social Responsibility Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesASSIGNMENT 7 OGBE MOSES E VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA For this week Unit 7 written assignment, I choose to talk about Voluntary euthanasia. A brief history and ethical and unethical dilemma of this topic will also be looked into in this assignment. A physician or doctor that carried out an act of voluntary euthanasia (Mercy killing), brings about the death of an individual who is in a state of bad medical condition because he or she believes that the patientRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Legal Alternative931 Words   |  4 Pagessomething. What the person found was a certain practice called euthanasia. Euthanasia is a practice that will put patients out of their misery and allow them to die peacefully instead of in pain. This practice has not been fully legalized in the United States, but it should be. Euthanasia should be a legal alternative that helps people when they are in a stage of illness that is crucial so it can be used. The main circumstance where euthanasia should be allowed is when it has become the only option leftRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia and physician assisted suicide are both types of medical assistance aiding in ending a suffering patient’s life. This pain may be due to a terminal illness and suffering as well as those in an irreversible coma. This practice of doctor assisted suicide is illegal in many countries, but is increasing in popularity as people start to recognize the positive aspects that euthanasia has to offer for those that fit the criteria. Euthanasia is essential for those, placed in such life diminishingRead MoreEuthanasia Essay - Pro Euthanasia Argumentative Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pages9 1/13/17 Pro Euthanasia Argumentative Essay Euthanasia is the act of intentionally killing someone to end suffering, with and without their consent. This practice has been around since the beginning of time and has been practiced by different cultures all over the world. In the United States currently, only 5 states allow the option of euthanasia. All states throughout the USA should allow the act of euthanasia. Considering it is within the 1st amendment due to it being a choice, which is a wayRead MoreEuthanasia: a Fatal Decision Essay742 Words   |  3 Pagesown extermination. In his article, In Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia, Hook argues that euthanasia provides an easy way to end suffering. Examining the pros and cons of euthanasia and its usefulness if legalized, it is clear that there are very few benefits involved. When death is made a legal and easy option, it is an attempt to take full control of life and, by doing so, opening the door to more abuse than benefits. Euthanasia is the practice of putting to death persons who have incurable

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